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Many of the coaching clients are high achievers and in most of the prepandemic sessions presented as confident, in control and professional. Their reasons for coaching were often focused on their desire to move to the next level, which called for them to identify their strengths and perceived weaknesses and take action to address the identified gaps in their skills and knowledge through the coaching or through further training. This chapter offers a 'good enough' experience for clients and so, during the pandemic, moved reluctantly to working via online platforms or telephone sessions, depending on the client's preference. During the pandemic it is encouraged to build in the time to take walks before and after online sessions and, when it became possible to do so, to start taking that coffee time again rather than going straight from an online psychotherapy session to online business. The client with a pure obsessive compulsive disorder (POCD) diagnosis also saw benefits to their being-in-the-world from the pandemic. POCD often manifests as intrusive, inappropriate and shameful thoughts on which the person will ruminate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Objective: to study the causes and predictors of mental disorders during the COVID-19 epidemic in those who turned to psychiatrist for the first time, as well as in patients with already diagnosed mental illness. Patients and methods. We examined 100 patients who turned to a psychiatrist due to a deterioration in their mental state during the pandemic, 50 patients were newly diagnosed (Group 1) and 50 with previously diagnosed mental disorders (Group 2). The study was carried out by a clinical method using a specially designed map, followed by statistical processing of the obtained data. Results and discussion. Mental disorders caused by the COVID-19 pandemic more often occurred at a young age, in patients with higher and secondary specialized education, and in single patients. In the 1st group, as a result of exposure to psychogenic factors (the influence of the media, quarantine, economic changes), anxiety (36.8%) and depressive (21.1%) disorders occurred more often, and after the coronavirus infection, depressive disorders were in the first place (54.2%). The 2nd group mostly included patients with endogenous disorders (bipolar affective disorder - 24%, recurrent depressive disorder - 20%, schizophrenia - 20%), which were exacerbated more often as a result of COVID-19, to a lesser extent - psychogenic (experiences associated with a change in material status and illness of relatives). Obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders have been associated with epidemic factors. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that there are differences between the mental disorders that first appeared during the pandemic and the exacerbations of the condition in mentally ill patients, which relate to the predictors, causes and clinical manifestations of these disorders.Copyright © 2022 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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Objective To investigate the psychological characteristics of college students during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), so as to provide a basis for psychological intervention. Methods From May 17, 2020 to Jun. 17, 2020, the adjusted psychological questionnaires for emergent events of public health (PQEEPH) was surveyed among the college students of Beijing Union University. The questionnaire included 5 dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, fear, obsessive-compulsive anxiety, and hypochondriasis. Four grades were scored according to the degree and frequency of emotional responses: 0 means no symptoms, 1 means mild symptoms, 2 means moderate symptoms, and 3 means severe symptoms. Results A total of 3 019 valid questionnaires were collected. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the emotional responses of college students, from the most serious to the least, were fear, neurasthenia, depression, obsessive-compulsive anxiety, and hypochondriasis, with the incidences being 87.7% (2 648/3 019), 44.8% (1 353/3 019), 37.4% (1 129/3 019), 17.3% (522/3 019), and 11.6% (350/3 019), respectively. The fear scores of female students were higher than those of male students (P<0.001), the fear scores of college students from towns/suburbs were higher than those from rural and urban areas (both P<0.017), the scores of depression, neurasthenia and obsessive-compulsive anxiety of college students with confirmed COVID-19 cases around them or their relatives participated in the epidemic prevention and control as medical staff or logistics support personnel were higher than those without such conditions (all P<0.017), and the scores of depression, obsessive-compulsive anxiety and hypochondriasis of college students with suspected COVID-19 cases around them were higher than those without such condition (all P<0.017). Females were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than males (odds ratioOR=1.53, 95% confidence intervalCI1.25-1.88, P<0.001), those with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases around them were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than those without such conditions (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.29-3.20, P=0.002), and those living in towns/suburbs were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than those living in rural and urban areas (OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.94, P=0.015;OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.97, P=0.025). Conclusion COVID-19 epidemic has impact on the psychology of college students. It is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of college students and provide targeted psychological counseling for them.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked anxiety and worry in society. Active cases have continued to grow since the government announced the first patient of COVID-19 in Indonesia. In the midst of this spread, adolescents are one of the dominant groups in society infected with COVID-19. This condition can trigger worry and fear of being infected again. Coupled with the transition of activities that were originally carried out outside the home, they had to change from home only. This situation can affect the psychological condition of adolescents. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the history of COVID-19 and anxiety and symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in adolescents aged 20-24 years in Surabaya. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Surabaya City from October to November 2022. As many as 100 youth aged 20-24 years in Surabaya were the subjects of this study. The dependent variable is anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. The independent variable is adolescents aged 20-24 years with a history of COVID-19. The instruments used were questionnaires and PCR swab evidence collection. Research data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation. Results: The results showed that 74 subjects (74%) had mild anxiety. Meanwhile, there were 16 subjects (16%) who had symptoms of OCD. Analysis of the chi-square correlation test between history of COVID-19 disease and anxiety showed that there was no relationship between the two variables with a p value = 0.704. Analysis of the chi-square correlation test between history of COVID-19 disease and OCD symptoms showed that there was no relationship between the two variables with a p value = 0.086. Conclusion: There is no relationship between history of COVID-19 disease and anxiety in adolescents aged 20-24 years in Surabaya and there is no relationship between history of COVID-19 disease and symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in adolescents aged 20-24 years in Surabaya.
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Background: With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large percentage of the world's population has been exposed to multiple burdens, including immediate hazards such as the risk of infection as well as social isolation, and economic insecurity. Based on the diathesis-stress model, which helps explain the development and maintenance of many mental disorders, these stresses may particularly affect people with preexisting mental disorders. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with OCD and healthy individuals. Results: According to OCSS, 23.9% of our participants were having mild OCD symptoms, 41.6% of them were having moderate symptoms, and severe symptoms presented in 34.5% of them. Our results revealed that there was a high statistically significant increase in total CSS scores in the OCD group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study supported the notion that the increase in symptoms and general severity observed among those with OCD might primarily be due to stress induced by the current pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Arab Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Arab Federation of Psychiatrists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the top ten disabling diseases seriously affecting the health of population. Recently, studies on this disease significantly increased. However, only a few bibliometric analyses concerning this area have been reported. In this study, we used bibliometrics and visualization tools to examine the current state, hot topics and future trends in OCD research. Methods: Scientific publications regarding OCD were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The features of OCD research were further analyzed using VOSviewer. Results: A total of 24,552 publications and 65,296 authors in the field of OCD were retrieved from 2000 to 2022, showing an overall upward trend in publications over the past 22 years. One hundred and thirteen countries around the world had participated in the research. Among these countries, the developed countries such as the United States, England, and Canada were the crucial productive nations in this subject. As for institutions, the Harvard University, the University of London, and the University of California system were the leading institutions. Authors including Storch EA, Mataix-Cols D, and Stein DJ were the prolific authors. 1,949 journals are contributing to the OCD field, of which the top three are Biological Psychiatry (831 articles), European Neuropsychopharmacology (776 articles) and Psychiatric Research (648 articles). Research hotspots of OCD included pathogenesis, epidemiology, comorbidities, clinical features, and evaluation methods. COVID-19, mental health, functional connectivity, and genome-wide association were emerging trends in the field of OCD. Conclusion: This study integrates the bibliometric information on the current research status and emerging trends in OCD from a macro perspective. The findings can provide valuable insights into further research on OCD.
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BACKGROUND: Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been reported to increase during the COVID-19 lockdowns because of the hygiene requirements related to the pandemic. Patients with adjustment disorder (AD) may, in turn, represent a vulnerable population for identifiable stressors. In this study, we aimed at assessing potential symptoms changes in OCD patients during the lockdown in comparison with AD patients as well as versus healthy controls (HC). METHODS: During the COVID-related lockdown, we enrolled 65 patients and 29 HC. Participants were tested with four clinical rating scales (Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale and Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale for OCD patients; Beck Depression Inventory-II and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y for each group) that had been also administered just before the Italian lockdown. RESULTS: Our results showed that during the lockdown: (i) the symptoms of depression and anxiety increased in all groups, but this increase was most pronounced in HC (p < 0.001); (ii) OCD symptoms severity did not increase, but the insight worsened (p = 0.028); (iii) the proportion of OCD patients showing hygiene-related symptoms increased (p = 0.031 for obsessions of contamination), whereas that of patients with checking-related symptoms decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The lockdown-induced psychological distress apparently changed the characteristics and the pattern of OCD symptoms expression but not their overall severity. This evidence confirms the heterogeneity and changing nature of OCD symptoms, strongly depending on the environmental circumstances.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , Communicable Disease Control , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology , Anxiety , Obsessive Behavior , Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the effect of sports regulation on the psychological state of English students. The author administered the experimental method and SCL-90 symptom assessment to 461 students in a regional normal school. By gathering data from students at various stages of the experiment, psychological trends and emotional shifts were identified promptly to improve experimental outcomes. The questionnaire data and test results were processed and analyzed using SPSS and other statistical software. The study results indicate that the sports intervention is viable and effective in boosting pupils' mental health. To effectively protect students' physical and mental health development, colleges and universities should strengthen the publicity and construction work in this area, let students realize the true significance of sports, and encourage students to engage in sports and form healthy sports habits actively. In addition, it provides techniques and recommendations for enhancing mental health education to enhance the mental health of students at this school effectively.
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Background & Aims: In early January 2020, a new corona virus called corona was identified as an infectious agent by the World Health Organization and caused a viral pneumonia outbreak, the first of which was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The virus has so far infected most countries in the world and has become a global problem. By this time in December 2021, about 265 million people in the world have been infected with this virus and 5 million 270 thousand people have died from this disease. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of this disease is still increasing and will become the third leading cause of death in the world by 2030. This disease has a special complexity and has multiple dimensions and consequences that have caused many problems in the field of health, social and economic as well as psychological for people. The emergence of this disease is now a public health crisis. According to this research, exposure to news and restrictions caused by this disease can lead to many mental health problems. In fact, one of the situations that puts a lot of stress on people during the outbreak of covid 19 disease is the inability to predict and uncertainty about the control and end of the disease. Mental health is defined as a harmonious and harmonious behavior with society, recognizing and accepting social realities, the power to adapt to them and meeting one's balanced needs and is an important factor for the health of society. The prevalence of the disease can also increase feelings of loneliness, decrease social support, feelings of fear and anxiety to clinical stress and anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder associated with the disease, and decreased life expectancy. One of the hopeful factors is health and the disease can cause despair, fear and even despair of the patient. The outbreak of a disease has a much deeper and wider impact and affects not only the affected community and relatives, but the entire community. Because everyone finds themselves at risk, and therefore people's feel of safe and healthy changes, and this situation causes people to despair. Hope is the capacity to imagine the ability to create paths to desirable goals and to imagine the motivation to move in those paths. Hope predicts physical and mental health such as positive response to medical interventions, mental health, effective getting along, and health-promoting behaviors. Covid 19 disease can also lead to psychological problems due to its infectious nature and unpredictable nature. In this regard, various researchers consider the implementation of public health policies, including areas related to individual and collective mental health in accordance with the different stages of the epidemic of this disease is very necessary. Mindfulness can be an effective tool for achieving peace of mind and body that helps people become aware of their current feelings. Mindfulness-based interventions are considered as one of the third generation or third wave cognitive-behavioral therapies. Mindfulness is a form of meditation rooted in Eastern religious teachings and rituals, especially Buddhism. Segal has defined mindfulness as paying attention to specific and purposeful ways, in the present time, without judgment or prejudice. Linhan stressed for the first time the need to pay attention to mindfulness as one of the essential components of psychological therapy. Mindfulness requires the development of three components: judgment avoidance, purposeful awareness, and focus on the present moment. Focusing on the present and processing all aspects of the above experience makes one aware of the daily activities and automatic functioning of the mind in the past and future world and he controls emotions, thoughts, and physical states through moment-to-moment awareness of thoughts. As a result, it is released from the everyday and automatic mind focused on the past and the future. Although general vaccination has reduced the virus in some countries, including Iran, and reduced the number of infected people, a large num
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Objective To understand the health and professional consciousness and mental health of military medical students during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods From Feb. 17 to Feb. 20, 2020, an electronic questionnaire was used to investigate the attitudes and coping styles of military medical students towards quarantine and delay of school opening, their attitudes towards online teaching, and health and professional consciousness during COVID-19 epidemic;and their mental health status was scored by symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results A total of 2 736 valid questionnaires were collected. The students basically understood and agreed with the quarantine and delay of school opening during the epidemic, and 70.83% (1 938/2 736) supported online teaching. During the quarantine period, 85.31% (2 334/2 736) of the students chose to listen to music or watch TV series for relaxation, and 64.69% (1 770/2 736) insisted on learning, reading literatures or writing papers. Students could basically form the habits of washing hands frequently and wearing masks, and their consciousness of health protection was higher than that before the epidemic. For military medical students, their professional beliefs and determination have been strengthened during the epidemic, and many students wanted to join in the fight against the epidemic. The survey found that 12.94% (354/2 736) of the students had mental health symptoms, and the top 3 SCL-90 factors were obsessive-compulsive disorder (78.53%, 278/354), interpersonal sensitivity (64.12%, 227/354), and depression (44.07%, 156/354). Conclusion During the epidemic, military medical students can generally adapt to the difficult environment and improve themselves. The mental health problems of military medical students have their own characteristics, special attention must to be paid, and the humanistic education of medical students should be strengthened.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.
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Objective: to study the causes and predictors of mental disorders during the COVID-19 epidemic in those who turned to psychiatrist for the first time, as well as in patients with already diagnosed mental illness. Patients and methods. We examined 100 patients who turned to a psychiatrist due to a deterioration in their mental state during the pandemic, 50 patients were newly diagnosed (Group 1) and 50 with previously diagnosed mental disorders (Group 2). The study was carried out by a clinical method using a specially designed map, followed by statistical processing of the obtained data. Results and discussion. Mental disorders caused by the COVID-19 pandemic more often occurred at a young age, in patients with higher and secondary specialized education, and in single patients. In the 1st group, as a result of exposure to psychogenic factors (the influence of the media, quarantine, economic changes), anxiety (36.8%) and depressive (21.1%) disorders occurred more often, and after the coronavirus infection, depressive disorders were in the first place (54.2%). The 2nd group mostly included patients with endogenous disorders (bipolar affective disorder - 24%, recurrent depressive disorder - 20%, schizophrenia - 20%), which were exacerbated more often as a result of COVID-19, to a lesser extent - psychogenic (experiences associated with a change in material status and illness of relatives). Obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders have been associated with epidemic factors. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that there are differences between the mental disorders that first appeared during the pandemic and the exacerbations of the condition in mentally ill patients, which relate to the predictors, causes and clinical manifestations of these disorders.Copyright © 2022 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations, including a predominant lesion of the respiratory system with the possible development of distress syndrome, the development of multiple organ failure. COVID-19 can cause depression, anxiety, and other emotional disorders, which may interfere with subsequent physical recovery. The aim - clinical analysis of emotional disorders in patients with the Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19). Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of 124 patients admitted to the infectious diseases department of Chelyabinsk City Clinical Hospital No. 8 in 2020-2021 was carried out. The methods of clinical and psychological research (including clinical conversation, observation and testing using the "Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression" HADS and the "Symptom Check List" SCL-90-R) were used to identify the features of the emotional states of patients with COVID-19. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package <<Statistica 6.0>>. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used. Results. Typical complaints upon admission to the hospital are fever, cough, general weakness, loss of smell and taste, runny nose. The majority of patients showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein and protein of the acute phase of inflammation - ferritin, an increase in the D-dimer by more than 2.5 times compared with the average standard values, a decrease in the value of the prothrombin index (mean value 88.7+/-6.4%) indicate coagulopathy as a manifestation of hyperinflammation that develops in COVID-19. More than half of patients (52.08+/-9.42%) experienced psychological distress of moderate and high severity: an increased level of distress was recorded in 42.78+/-9.33% of the examined patients, a high level of distress was found in 9.30+/-5.48% of patients. Direct correlations of varying degrees of strength between general somatic distress and indicators of anxiety, depression, psychopathological manifestations (obsessive-compulsiveness and interpersonal sensitivity) and mental distress were identified. Revealed negative emotional experiences in patients with COVID-19 can cause adverse effects on the course and prognosis of the disease, reduce adherence to treatment, negatively affect the social functioning and quality of life of patients.Copyright © Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training 2022.
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INTRODUCTION: Caring for a child with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be extremely difficult, yet evidence-based support strategies for parents/carers are limited. A detailed understanding of parent support needs is an important first step in intervention development and qualitative research with this focus is currently lacking. In this study, the viewpoints of parents and professionals were used to understand support needs and preferences when caring for a child with OCD. This qualitative descriptive study formed part of a wider UK-based project aimed at developing better support for parents of children with OCD. METHOD: Individual semi-structured interviews (and an optional one-week journal) with a purposive sample of parents of children and young people (CYP) with OCD, aged 8-18, and focus groups (or individual interviews where preferred) with a purposive sample of professionals supporting CYP with OCD. Data comprised transcripts of audio-recorded interviews and focus groups, and text from journals. Analysis was informed by the Framework approach involving inductive and deductive coding, supported by NVivo 12.0 software. Co-production methods were adopted throughout the research process, including the involvement of a parent co-researcher and charity collaborators. RESULTS: Interviews were undertaken with 20 parents, of which 16 completed a journal. Twenty-five professionals took part in a focus group or interview. Five key themes relating to parent support challenges and support needs/preferences were identified (1) Coping with the impact of OCD; (2) Getting help for my child; (3) Understanding parents' role; (4) Making sense of OCD; (5) Joined-up care. CONCLUSION: Parents caring for children with OCD have clear caregiver support needs which are currently not being met. Through triangulation of parent and professional accounts, this study has identified parent support challenges (e.g., emotional impact of OCD, visibility of caring role, misunderstanding about OCD) and support needs/ preferences (e.g., headspace/respite, compassion/sensitivity, guidance on accommodation) to lay the vital foundations for the development of effective parent support interventions. There is now an urgent need to develop and test an intervention to support parents in their caregiving role, with the aim of preventing and/or reducing their levels of burden and distress and ultimately, improving their quality of life.
Subject(s)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , Quality of Life , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Parents/psychology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology , Qualitative Research , United KingdomABSTRACT
Objective: to study the causes and predictors of mental disorders during the COVID-19 epidemic in those who turned to psychiatrist for the first time, as well as in patients with already diagnosed mental illness. Patients and methods. We examined 100 patients who turned to a psychiatrist due to a deterioration in their mental state during the pandemic, 50 patients were newly diagnosed (Group 1) and 50 with previously diagnosed mental disorders (Group 2). The study was carried out by a clinical method using a specially designed map, followed by statistical processing of the obtained data. Results and discussion. Mental disorders caused by the COVID-19 pandemic more often occurred at a young age, in patients with higher and secondary specialized education, and in single patients. In the 1st group, as a result of exposure to psychogenic factors (the influence of the media, quarantine, economic changes), anxiety (36.8%) and depressive (21.1%) disorders occurred more often, and after the coronavirus infection, depressive disorders were in the first place (54.2%). The 2nd group mostly included patients with endogenous disorders (bipolar affective disorder - 24%, recurrent depressive disorder - 20%, schizophrenia - 20%), which were exacerbated more often as a result of COVID-19, to a lesser extent - psychogenic (experiences associated with a change in material status and illness of relatives). Obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders have been associated with epidemic factors. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that there are differences between the mental disorders that first appeared during the pandemic and the exacerbations of the condition in mentally ill patients, which relate to the predictors, causes and clinical manifestations of these disorders.Copyright © 2022 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, obsession, hostility, and attachment styles, which may be associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Method(s): A total of 504 adult participants were included in the study. The sociodemographic data form, including questions on information about participants' COVID-19 infection history and concerns about COVID-19 vaccines, was filled out by the participants. The participants were evaluated with the anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), hostility, and paranoid ideation subscales of the Symptom Checklist - Revised 90 scale and the Adults Attachment Style Scale (AASS). The participants were divided into three groups: "vaccinated group (VG)," "nonvaccinated but intend to get vaccinated group (IGV)," and "nonvaccinated group and not intend to get vaccinated group (NIGV)." Results: The mean score of the AASS secure subscale was higher (p=0.009), while the SCL-90 anxiety subscale was lower (p=0.003) in the NIGV group. The mean score of the SCL-90 OCD subscale in the NIGV group was lower than that in the IGV group (p=0.040). Regression analysis showed that concerns about the safety of vaccines (OR: 140, p<0.001) and having secure attachment style (OR: 1.787, p=0.019) increase the intention to not be vaccinated. However, it was found that high anxiety scores decreased the intention not to be vaccinated (OR: 0.966, p=0.035). Conclusion(s): The findings of the current study indicate that secure attachment style and clinical psychiatric entities such as anxiety and obsession were effective on vaccine hesitancy. However, this interaction needs to be interpreted carefully in the context of the perceived level of COVID-19 threat, more detailed information about the safety and necessity of vaccines, the relationship of individuals with their social environment, and the predominance of vaccine hesitancy in their social environment.Copyright © 2023 Yerkure Tanitim ve Yayincilik Hizmetleri A.S.. All rights reserved.
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Background: A pandemic outbreak can lead to excessive, maladaptive levels of anxiety, particularly among individuals who already suffer from debilitating anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) provided a novel opportunity to examine the possibility that individuals with OCD, compared to non-OCD individuals, might experience greater distress from this common stressor. The present study also examined how this highly contagious virus affected psychological symptom severity among individuals with OCD, many of whom were concerned about contagions and feared uncertainty. Finally, there is limited research regarding the stability of OCD subtypes;therefore, this study examined whether the stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic affected OCD subtype stability. Methods: One hundred and forty-three adults with a diagnosis of OCD and ninety-eight adults without OCD, completed an online survey assessing the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on symptoms of fear, general anxiety, and OCD. Results: The OCD group showed greater fear of the COVID-19 pandemic and greater fear of future pandemics compared to the comparison group. In addition, the level of distress from the COVID-19 pandemic differed amongst the different subtypes with contamination subtype showing the highest level of distress. Lastly, results showed that it was likely for one's OCD subtype to shift to obsessions about COVID-19 from their usual OCD obsessions. Conclusions: Individuals with a diagnosis of OCD are at increased risk for COVID-19 related distress underscoring the importance of therapeutic treatments and interventions during a stressful life event. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions caused great psychological suffering to the general population and psychiatric patients. We aimed to explore the course of depression and anxiety symptoms in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, adjustment disorder (AD) patients, and participants without psychiatric disorders (control group, CG) across the different phases of the pandemic: the first lockdown, a temporary interruption of restrictions, and the second lockdown. Out of the 158 patients screened, we enrolled 46 OCD and 19 AD patients as well as 29 CG participants. The Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y were administered to all participants at each time point. The results showed different symptom severities among the groups throughout the whole study, with OCD patients always scoring higher than AD patients and the CG, and the AD patients always scoring higher than the CG. The symptom course within each group was different. OCD patients' symptoms sharply worsened during the first lockdown and then remained stable irrespective of the subsequent pandemic phases. In the AD and CG groups, symptoms waxed and waned following the fluctuations of the restriction provisions, with a complete return to the baseline when the restrictions were stopped only in the CG. These findings suggest that the influence of the pandemic and of the associated restrictions on depression and anxiety manifestations may vary depending on the particular pre-existing mental health status.
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BACKGROUND: The evidence on the psychological consequences of coronavirus 2019 mainly relates to general psychiatric problems, and a few studies have reported the incidence and predictors of obsessive-compulsive disorder. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its predictors in Iranian COVID - 19 recovered individuals at 3-6 months, 6-12 months, and 12-18 months after recovery. METHOD: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 300 participants were randomly selected based on the inclusion criteria from three hospitals in three different regions of Tehran, Iran, and were assessed by the Clinical Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS21), The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS version 26. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean score of OCD is 30.58 ± 15.22, with a prevalence of 71% (n = 213). Female gender (BF = 0.50, p = 0.01), sleep disturbance (BF = 0.02, p = 0.001), PTSD (BF = 0.009, p = 0.0001), depression (BF = 0.0001, p = 0.0001), and stress (BF = 0.0001, p = 0.001) are the strongest predictors of the presence of OCD in recovered COVID - 19 individuals. CONCLUSION: OCD-like symptoms was observed in the majority of COVID - 19 recovered individuals with mild to moderate severity. In addition, the stated prevalence, severity, and significance varied according to sociodemographic and health inequalities.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , Humans , Female , Iran/epidemiology , Bayes Theorem , COVID-19/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The main aim of this study was to investigate how the pandemic has affected OCD patients and the relationship between the clinical features and the fear and obsession with COVID-19. METHODS: A total of 30 consecutive patients with OCD and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Based on retrospective information provided by the patients, we evaluated changes in the severity of their OCD during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. We compared patients with OCD and healthy subjects using scores obtained from various scales. RESULTS: We found that symptom severity worsened in 60% of OCD patients during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period, remained unchanged in 30%, and improved in 10%. The levels of obsession with COVID-19 were found to be higher in OCD patients than in healthy control subjects. The levels of fear of and obsession with COVID-19 both correlated with the anxiety levels of patients with OCD and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the levels of COVID-19 related fear and obsession are not linked to the severity of OCD, but to anxiety levels. Key pointsObsessive-compulsive symptom severity worsened in 60% of OCD patients in the pandemic.COVID-19 obsession levels were higher in OCD patients than healthy controls.COVID-19 fear levels did not differ between the OCD and healthy control groups.COVID-19 obsession levels were correlated with anxiety severity in OCD and healthy control groups.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders such as hoarding disorder and their relationship to disorders or problems of sleep have not been fully elucidated. Many people with OCD have insomnia. Many also have a comorbid circadian rhythm disorder in the form of delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. This chapter reviews the standard diagnostic criteria for OCD and the evidence for various findings related to sleep and OCD. It touches on special populations such as children, pregnant women, and those with or impacted by COVID-19. The pathophysiology connecting OCD and sleep disorders is discussed as is treatment—both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved